How to extract files from hotfix packages using the command line

Microsoft Hotfix Installer (.exe)
setup.exe /t:C:<target_dir> /c

Microsoft Update Standalone Package (.msu)
expand -F:* update.msu C:<target_dir>
cd <target_dir>
expand -F:* update.cab C:<target_dir>

Microsoft Patch File (.msp)
msix patch.msp /out C:<target_dir>
msix.zip

Windows Installer Package (.msi)
msiexec /a setup.msi /qb TARGETDIR=C:<target_dir>

Source